alman7

Position: Recruitment officer

Joined: 2024-02-18

Stats
GM X
GM VIII
GM VI
Company statistics
Team statistics
Skirmishes statistics
Stronghold statistics
Share
Other

Overall Stats

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	4113		26		63		92
Ø Tier	5,86		7,27		6,81		6,77
Victories	1783	43,35%	6	23,08%	19	30,16%	32	34,78%
Defeats	2259	54,92%	19	73,08%	43	68,25%	58	63,04%
Draws	71	1,73%	1	3,85%	1	1,59%	2	2,17%
Battles survived	1133	27,55%	4	15,38%	10	15,87%	19	20,65%
Tanks destroyed	1392	0,34	3	0,12	19	0,30	26	0,28
Destruction ratio	0,47		0,14		0,36		0,36
Tanks spotted	1147	0,28	12	0,46	23	0,37	27	0,29
Damage dealt	254,31		167,46		246,37		256,80
Capture points	3811	0,93	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	1443	0,35	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	262,48		309,31		270,65		256,66
WN7	321,88		-22,38		122,45		140,28
WN8	186,29		0,00		14,16		34,74

Total
Battles	4113
Ø Tier	5,86
Victories	1783	43,35%
Defeats	2259	54,92%
Draws	71	1,73%
Battles survived	1133	27,55%
Tanks destroyed	1392	0,34
Destruction ratio	0,47
Tanks spotted	1147	0,28
Damage dealt	254,31
Capture points	3811	0,93
Defense points	1443	0,35
Experience	262,48
WN7	321,88
WN8	186,29

Past 24 hours
Battles	26
Ø Tier	7,27
Victories	6	23,08%
Defeats	19	73,08%
Draws	1	3,85%
Battles survived	4	15,38%
Tanks destroyed	3	0,12
Destruction ratio	0,14
Tanks spotted	12	0,46
Damage dealt	167,46
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	309,31
WN7	-22,38
WN8	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	63
Ø Tier	6,81
Victories	19	30,16%
Defeats	43	68,25%
Draws	1	1,59%
Battles survived	10	15,87%
Tanks destroyed	19	0,30
Destruction ratio	0,36
Tanks spotted	23	0,37
Damage dealt	246,37
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	270,65
WN7	122,45
WN8	14,16

Past 30 days
Battles	92
Ø Tier	6,77
Victories	32	34,78%
Defeats	58	63,04%
Draws	2	2,17%
Battles survived	19	20,65%
Tanks destroyed	26	0,28
Destruction ratio	0,36
Tanks spotted	27	0,29
Damage dealt	256,80
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	256,66
WN7	140,28
WN8	34,74

Created at:

Last battle:

Last update:

Globalmap Absolute X

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Champion VIII

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Globalmap Middle VI

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Company statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Team statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Skirmishes statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	5		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	5	100,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	20,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	2	0,40	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,50		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	1	0,20	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	279,40		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	3	0,60	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	106,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	5
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	5	100,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	1	20,00%
Tanks destroyed	2	0,40
Destruction ratio	0,50
Tanks spotted	1	0,20
Damage dealt	279,40
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	3	0,60
Experience	106,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Stronghold defense statistics

	Total		Past 24 hours		Past 7 days		Past 30 days
Battles	0		0		0		0
Victories	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00
Capture points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00	0	0,00
Experience	0,00		0,00		0,00		0,00

Total
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 24 hours
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 7 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

Past 30 days
Battles	0
Victories	0	0,00%
Defeats	0	0,00%
Draws	0	0,00%
Battles survived	0	0,00%
Tanks destroyed	0	0,00
Destruction ratio	0,00
Tanks spotted	0	0,00
Damage dealt	0,00
Capture points	0	0,00
Defense points	0	0,00
Experience	0,00

World of Tanks Profile

Anzeigen

Tanks (84)

Tank Name	Tier	Ø Damage	Ø XP	Battles	Victories	WN8
Object 257	9	419,36	436	290	39,31%	99,02
O-Ni	7	426,60	319	254	39,76%	253,17
IS-3	8	293,22	379	215	41,86%	71,36
KV-1	5	230,83	209	163	42,33%	225,67
VK 30.01 (P)	6	180,53	222	150	40,00%	31,29
AMX 13 75	7	167,25	354	136	51,47%	179,85
O-I	6	447,51	331	134	47,76%	543,25
IS	7	301,13	290	133	43,61%	158,14
M36 Jackson	6	283,17	245	116	38,79%	192,59
AMX 12 t	6	216,96	276	115	45,22%	338,95
AMX ELC bis	5	132,73	198	112	47,32%	242,17
KV-2	6	386,27	255	110	42,73%	391,52
KV-85	6	229,88	245	97	42,27%	120,82
M10 Wolverine	5	224,35	228	97	46,39%	286,69
Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. H	5	263,32	222	97	44,33%	457,16
SU-85B	4	173,91	152	96	42,71%	202,09
StuG III Ausf. G	5	213,42	193	95	33,68%	202,15
M-II-Y	7	358,47	330	92	46,74%	236,42
T-28	4	152,73	207	83	51,81%	319,73
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t) n.A.	4	79,08	145	80	38,75%	0,00
SU-85	5	213,91	182	79	34,18%	204,68
KV-1S	6	208,39	199	71	38,03%	97,06
SU-122A	5	172,69	154	68	36,76%	105,40
Jagdpanzer 38(t) Hetzer	4	187,55	194	67	50,75%	324,96
IS-7	10	543,22	501	67	53,73%	296,68
Staghound Mk. III	6	225,95	274	66	43,94%	164,60
SU-5	4	121,08	141	63	53,97%	186,05
SU-8	6	369,39	222	59	38,98%	250,48
M8A1	4	167,24	156	55	47,27%	233,24
Type 91 Heavy	3	97,55	108	51	29,41%	58,10
T6 Medium	4	149,15	148	47	42,55%	92,54
M18 Hellcat	6	149,29	194	45	37,78%	0,00
O-I Experimental	5	167,58	217	45	48,89%	118,46
T-34 shielded	5	218,98	242	43	48,84%	335,21
SU-76M	4	102,71	126	41	41,46%	30,39
Type 95 Heavy	4	131,43	156	40	50,00%	272,34
KV-1SA	5	286,97	347	39	58,97%	470,18
Super Hellcat	7	267,47	344	34	50,00%	184,91
Pz.Kpfw. 38 (t)	3	104,52	169	31	35,48%	111,84
AMX M4 mle. 45	7	228,72	380	29	51,72%	131,62
SU-26	3	57,41	129	27	59,26%	197,79
M10 RBFM	5	169,96	217	27	40,74%	67,38
T-46	3	83,54	197	26	46,15%	145,01
T25 AT	7	183,83	255	24	37,50%	0,00
T56 GMC	3	132,19	123	21	47,62%	253,17
T-34-85M	6	225,43	265	21	47,62%	137,65
Bat.-Châtillon 12 t	8	173,40	298	20	20,00%	1,44
Pawlack Tank	6	360,78	418	18	44,44%	329,86
Marder II	3	124,24	131	17	64,71%	324,41
SMV CC-64 Vipera	8	555,53	457	15	40,00%	263,73
AMX 38	3	81,38	146	13	46,15%	129,04
Valentine AT	4	172,25	192	12	66,67%	467,94
M-IV-Y	8	449,36	536	11	45,45%	247,56
SU-100	6	164,30	227	10	60,00%	209,45
LT vz. 38	3	62,60	114	10	20,00%	1,50
MKA	2	146,30	132	10	10,00%	292,34
Type 89 I-Go/Chi-Ro	2	144,50	147	10	50,00%	490,04
O-Ho	8	83,11	197	9	22,22%	0,00
Convert. Medium Tank T3	3	208,89	362	9	88,89%	605,12
AMX M4 mle. 49	8	251,25	512	8	50,00%	123,93
FCM 36	2	107,25	116	8	12,50%	218,16
ARL 44	6	445,29	671	7	100,00%	757,23
AMX 40	4	83,14	181	7	71,43%	342,47
AT-1	2	55,71	103	7	28,57%	0,00
Valentine	3	156,57	211	7	57,14%	498,96
Panzerjäger I	2	89,43	154	7	71,43%	350,41
Nashorn	6	144,17	111	6	16,67%	0,00
Tiger (P)	7	269,50	303	6	33,33%	51,66
T-116	3	51,20	111	5	40,00%	18,83
Cruiser Mk. II	2	32,50	83	4	25,00%	2,02
Pz.Kpfw. 35 (t)	2	79,00	107	4	25,00%	146,45
T-34 with L-11	4	67,33	293	3	33,33%	0,00
Leichttraktor	1	86,67	192	3	33,33%	132,49
T-26	2	30,33	136	3	66,67%	227,75
Cruiser Mk. III	3	57,33	68	3	0,00%	0,00
SU-18	2	153,50	131	2	50,00%	730,76
Vickers Medium Mk. I	1	158,00	87	2	0,00%	629,56
T-29	3	0,00	59	1	0,00%	0,00
4TP	1	0,00	81	1	0,00%	0,00
M24E2 Super Chaffee	6	214,00	435	1	100,00%	503,52
Valiant	5	7,00	45	1	0,00%	0,00
BT-7 artillery	3	516,00	369	1	0,00%	2176,48
Renault Otsu	1	71,00	109	1	100,00%	376,07
Renault FT	1	27,00	138	1	100,00%	261,00

Graphs

WN8

Anzeigen

Clan history

[RMS_] RMS

Position: Recruitment officer

Joined: 2024-02-18

alman7

Overall Stats

Globalmap Absolute X

Globalmap Champion VIII

Globalmap Middle VI

Company statistics

Team statistics

Skirmishes statistics

Stronghold defense statistics

Share

Tanks (84)

Graphs

WN8

Clan history